{"id":3782,"date":"2026-03-21T08:52:06","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T08:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/npk1169-001-site1.mtempurl.com\/?p=3782"},"modified":"2026-04-13T07:36:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:36:41","slug":"laboratory-distillation-yantra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bharatwisdom.com\/hi\/physics-and-chemistry\/laboratory-distillation-yantra\/","title":{"rendered":"Laboratory Distillation (Yantra) \u2013 Separating the Essences"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1279.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1614\" data-path-to-node=\"4\"><span data-path-to-node=\"4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Concept<\/b> <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"4,2\"><span class=\"citation-7409\">Distillation is the separation of liquids through boiling and condensation<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"4,4\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"4,6\"><span class=\"citation-7408\">It is used to make alcohol, fragrances, and medications<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"4,8\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1615\" data-path-to-node=\"5\"><span data-path-to-node=\"5,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Story<\/b> <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,2\"><span class=\"citation-7407\">Long before the &#8220;Alembic&#8221; pot became famous in the Arab world, the markets of ancient India were filled with the scent of high-tech chemistry<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,4\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,6\"><span class=\"citation-7406\">Using complex earthenware stills discovered at Taxila, Indian perfumers and chemists practiced &#8220;Fractional Distillation&#8221; to separate volatile oils from water<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,8\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,10\"><span class=\"citation-7405\">They invented the <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"5,10\" data-index-in-node=\"18\"><span class=\"citation-7405\">Tiryak Patana Yantra<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7405\"> to capture the delicate &#8220;Attars&#8221; of Jasmine and Rose<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,12\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,14\"><span class=\"citation-7404\">Perhaps most poetically, the perfumers of Kannauj were the first to capture the scent of rain on dry earth\u2014<\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"5,14\" data-index-in-node=\"107\"><span class=\"citation-7404\">Mitti Attar<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7404\">\u2014using a distillation process that modern science only recently learned to replicate<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,16\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Timeline<\/b><\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Milestone<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Details<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Western Ref.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1616\" data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0,1\"><span class=\"citation-7403\">1200 CE (School of Salerno, Italy)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Indian Source<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1617\" data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0,0\">Prior to 300 BCE (<i data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"18\">Arthashastra<\/i>); <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0,2\"><span class=\"citation-7402\">500 CE (<\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0,2\" data-index-in-node=\"8\"><span class=\"citation-7402\">Brihat Samhita<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7402\">) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Chron. Gap<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1618\" data-path-to-node=\"7,3,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"7,3,1,0,1\"><span class=\"citation-7401\">Over 1,500 Years<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Original Text<\/b><\/p>\n<blockquote data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1619\" data-path-to-node=\"9,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Sanskrit Shloka:<\/b> \u0915\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0935\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0903&#8230; \u0915\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0920\u092e\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0903 \u0964 <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,2\"><span class=\"citation-7400\">\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0936\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d&#8230; \u0965 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,4\"> <b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,4\" data-index-in-node=\"1\">Transliteration:<\/b> Ki\u1e47vasambh\u0101r\u0101\u1e25&#8230; ko\u1e6d\u1e6dhamabark\u0101dik\u0101\u1e25 sur\u0101\u1e25 | Cikitsakapram\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43 pratya\u1e43\u015bavik\u0101ram&#8230; || <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,6\"><span class=\"citation-7399\">Arthashastra (Book 2, Chapter 25) (Discusses fermentation and spirit production)<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,8\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0,10\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,10\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"citation-7398\">Meaning:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-7398\"> &#8220;The ferment (Kinva) consists of (various herbs)&#8230; The liquor is prepared with prescribed balances&#8230; Physicians shall determine the correct proportions (to avoid toxicity).&#8221; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1620\" data-path-to-node=\"10\"><span data-path-to-node=\"10,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Related Innovations<\/b> <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">The <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"10,2\" data-index-in-node=\"4\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">Brihat Samhita<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7397\"> (c. 550 CE) included a chapter on <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"10,2\" data-index-in-node=\"53\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">Gandhayukti<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7397\">, detailing the extraction of <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"10,2\" data-index-in-node=\"94\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">Attars<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7397\"> (essential oils) from flowers such as Jasmine, whereas later <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"10,2\" data-index-in-node=\"162\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">Rasashastra<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7397\"> texts described Fractional Distillation, which used the <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"10,2\" data-index-in-node=\"230\"><span class=\"citation-7397\">Tiryak Patana Yantra<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-7397\"> to separate volatile compounds based on boiling points<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"10,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1621\" data-path-to-node=\"11\"><span data-path-to-node=\"11,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Fun Fact<\/b> <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"11,2\"><span class=\"citation-7396\">Petrichor, the scent of rain on dry Earth, was first captured and bottled by Indian perfumers in Kannauj centuries ago using identical techniques<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"11,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_2d99851739bfeb4f-1622\" data-path-to-node=\"12\"><span data-path-to-node=\"12,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Modern Legacy<\/b> <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"12,2\"><span class=\"citation-7395\">Distillation is the primary method for converting oil into petrol and producing pure chemicals<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"12,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[258,204,287,290,289,288],"class_list":["post-3782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics-and-chemistry","tag-arthashastra","tag-chemistry","tag-distillation","tag-mitti-attar","tag-perfumery","tag-yantra"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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